See cadw in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*katweti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *katweti",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "uncertain"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "<span class=\"cited-source\">R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke, et al., editors (1950–present), “cadwaf”, in <cite>Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online</cite> (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies</span>"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hōd",
"t": "hood"
},
"expansion": "Old English hōd (“hood”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "hōdian",
"t": "to guard, defend"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon hōdian (“to guard, defend”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "<span class=\"cited-source\">Morris Jones, John (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">1913), <cite>A Welsh Grammar, Historical and Comparative</cite>, Oxford: Clarendon Press, § 202 v, pages 387–88</span></span>"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ref"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Apparently from Proto-Celtic *katweti, of uncertain origin. Morris Jones takes it back to a putative Proto-Indo-European root *kat- (“to protect”). This root is more commonly reconstructed *kadʰ- (including by Thomas et al.) to account for the d of Old English hōd (“hood”) and Old Saxon hōdian (“to guard, defend”), but that reconstruction can no longer account for the t of the Celtic root.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "l-self",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "cadwaf",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kedwy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "keidw",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cadwn",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "cadwwn",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kedwch",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kedywch",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cadwant",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kedwir",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"impersonal",
"indicative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "cadwn",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cadwwn",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cadwut",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cadwei",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cadwem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cadwewch",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kedwynt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kedwit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"impersonal"
]
},
{
"form": "kedweis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"preterite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kedweist",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"preterite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kedwis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"preterite",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cadwassom",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "cadwassawch",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"preterite",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cadwassant",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"preterite",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cadwyt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"impersonal",
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "cadwasswn",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"pluperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cadwassut",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"pluperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cadwassei",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cadwassem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"pluperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cadwassewch",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cadwassynt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cadwassit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"impersonal",
"pluperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "cattwyf",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kettwych",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "cattwo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cattwom",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "cattwoch",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "cattwont",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cattwer",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"impersonal",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "cattwn",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "cattwwn",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "cattwut",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "cattwei",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cattwem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "cattwewch",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kettwynt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kettwit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"impersonal",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cadw",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kedwid",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cadwn",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cadwwn",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kedwch",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kedywch",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cadwent",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cadwer",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"impersonal"
]
},
{
"form": "cadw",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "kedwi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "catwyt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "cadwedic",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle"
]
},
{
"form": "cadwadwy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "l-self",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "cadw",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "gadw",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"soft"
]
},
{
"form": "cadw / chadw",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "chadw",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"lang": "Middle Welsh",
"lang_code": "wlm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "77 4 4 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "77 3 3 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "For quotations using this term, see Citations:cadw."
}
],
"glosses": [
"to keep"
],
"id": "en-cadw-wlm-verb-MqW39iCV",
"links": [
[
"keep",
"keep"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kadw/"
}
],
"word": "cadw"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*katweti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *katweti",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "uncertain"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "<span class=\"cited-source\">R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke, et al., editors (1950–present), “cadwaf”, in <cite>Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online</cite> (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies</span>"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hōd",
"t": "hood"
},
"expansion": "Old English hōd (“hood”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "hōdian",
"t": "to guard, defend"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon hōdian (“to guard, defend”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "<span class=\"cited-source\">Morris Jones, John (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">1913), <cite>A Welsh Grammar, Historical and Comparative</cite>, Oxford: Clarendon Press, § 202 v, pages 387–88</span></span>"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ref"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Apparently from Proto-Celtic *katweti, of uncertain origin. Morris Jones takes it back to a putative Proto-Indo-European root *kat- (“to protect”). This root is more commonly reconstructed *kadʰ- (including by Thomas et al.) to account for the d of Old English hōd (“hood”) and Old Saxon hōdian (“to guard, defend”), but that reconstruction can no longer account for the t of the Celtic root.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "l-self",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "cadwaf",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kedwy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "keidw",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cadwn",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "cadwwn",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kedwch",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kedywch",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cadwant",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kedwir",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"impersonal",
"indicative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "cadwn",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cadwwn",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cadwut",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cadwei",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cadwem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cadwewch",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kedwynt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kedwit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"impersonal"
]
},
{
"form": "kedweis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"preterite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kedweist",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"preterite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kedwis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"preterite",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cadwassom",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "cadwassawch",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"preterite",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cadwassant",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"preterite",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cadwyt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"impersonal",
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "cadwasswn",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"pluperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cadwassut",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"pluperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cadwassei",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cadwassem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"pluperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cadwassewch",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cadwassynt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cadwassit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"impersonal",
"pluperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "cattwyf",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kettwych",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "cattwo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cattwom",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "cattwoch",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "cattwont",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cattwer",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"impersonal",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "cattwn",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "cattwwn",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "cattwut",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "cattwei",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cattwem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "cattwewch",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kettwynt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kettwit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"impersonal",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cadw",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kedwid",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cadwn",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cadwwn",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kedwch",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kedywch",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cadwent",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cadwer",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"impersonal"
]
},
{
"form": "cadw",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "kedwi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "catwyt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "cadwedic",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle"
]
},
{
"form": "cadwadwy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "l-self",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "cadw",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "gadw",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"soft"
]
},
{
"form": "cadw / chadw",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "chadw",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"lang": "Middle Welsh",
"lang_code": "wlm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle Welsh lemmas",
"Middle Welsh terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Middle Welsh terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle Welsh terms with unknown etymologies",
"Middle Welsh verbs",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "For quotations using this term, see Citations:cadw."
}
],
"glosses": [
"to keep"
],
"links": [
[
"keep",
"keep"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kadw/"
}
],
"word": "cadw"
}
Download raw JSONL data for cadw meaning in Middle Welsh (8.6kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'imperfect indicative'",
"path": [
"cadw"
],
"section": "Middle Welsh",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "cadw",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: cadw/Middle Welsh 'radical' base_tags=set()",
"path": [
"cadw"
],
"section": "Middle Welsh",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "cadw",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: cadw/Middle Welsh 'nasal' base_tags={'soft', 'error-unrecognized-form'}",
"path": [
"cadw"
],
"section": "Middle Welsh",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "cadw",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: cadw/Middle Welsh 'aspirate' base_tags={'soft', 'error-unrecognized-form'}",
"path": [
"cadw"
],
"section": "Middle Welsh",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "cadw",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle Welsh dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-05-27 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-05-01 using wiktextract (4997730 and 9380997). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.